Kritika 
(C): Unsplash
Being laid off is stressful under any circumstance, but the consequences of being fired as an H-1B visa worker can be devastating as the next year looms and the clock is ticking. You could be in a corporate restructuring or a sudden termination, but it is important to know your rights and obligations under USCIS H-1B regulations, or you will either be smooth sailing or forced to leave.
The H-1B 60-Day Rule: What It Means for You
The USCIS guidelines provide laid-off H-1B employees with a grace period of up to 60 days after termination of employment. This H-1B layoff grace period starts on the day you are no longer on the employer’s payroll, not the last day you worked for the employer or the date your termination letter was mailed.
In that period, you must do one of the following to maintain your H-1B visa status and not incur unlawful presence:
- Find a new H-1B employer through the H-1B transfer program
- Apply for a change in visa status (from H-4 to F-1 or from B-1/B-2 to H-4)
- Plan to leave the USA before Day 60
Failure to meet this deadline could result in unlawful presence, which can lead to removal and permanent immigration consequences.
Your H-1B Unemployment Options: A Breakdown
1.Follow the H-1B Transfer process
The most frequently used option following an H-1B termination is to seek out a new sponsoring employer. The USCIS will require a new company to submit an H-1B petition on your behalf. Most importantly, you can start working immediately upon USCIS receipt of the petition, not upon its approval. To minimise uncertainty, many workers choose to apply for premium processing (which entails 15 business days of processing). This is usually the quickest method to reclaim your H-1B visa status once you have been laid off.
2. Change Your Visa Status
Should your employment search remain active and Day 60 be imminent, you will be able to make a Change of Status filing at USCIS, which will allow you to change your visa status into:
- L-2/H-4 if your partner is holding an L-1 or H-1B visa status, respectively, or L-3 if your partner already holds an L-2 visa
- Student visa H-1—when you plan on being involved in a work/study program.
- Provided that you will have some kind of buffer to cover the period while you sort out what needs to be done, it will be possible to get a B-1/B-2 visa.
Here’s the important thing to remember: The application must be received by USCIS prior to Day 60.
3. Record in “Compelling Circumstances”
If you have an approved I-140 immigrant petition, but have been terminated from your job, you might be eligible for a one-year Employment Authorisation Document (EAD) under the “compelling circumstances” provision — if you are able to show that there are significant hardships. One of the lesser-known but valuable H-1B unemployment options is for those deep in the H-1B backlog.
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How to Avoid H-1B Deportation: Urgent Steps
The risk is real. Some jobless workers have received deportation notices from U.S. Immigration authorities called Notices to Appear (NTA). The immediate best defence against deportation under H-1B is to submit a petition (H-1B transfer/Change of Status) in “nonfrivolous” fashion to USCIS before the expiration of the grace period.
Avoid travelling outside of the United States while laid off. The H-1B layoff grace period only applies if you are physically in the country. If you leave the United States after termination, you may have your terminated H-1B petition revoked and denied re-entry into the United States.
Your H-1B Layoff Survival Guide: Immediate Action Checklist
Apply this H-1B layoff survival guide to make a quick decision from Day 1:
Document everything – ask for a written agreement of your date of termination and date of last payroll. This will decide the beginning of your 60-day period.
Seek the advice of an immigration attorney right away – An immigration lawyer will be able to guide you through USCIS H-1B laws and file the proper petitions on time.
Plan your exit – In some situations, you might be able to stay on payroll for a bit longer or delay the official termination of your H-1B petition with USCIS, thereby getting an extra few days in the grace period.
Create an exit plan – If you’re unable to find a sponsor or make it to Day 60, go out in an orderly fashion. You are entitled to reasonable transportation costs to return to your own country by your former employer, however.
Final Word
An H-1B layoff does not spell the end of your American journey — unless you act quickly and wisely. The H-1B 60-day rule is unforgiving, and there is not much room for mercy in the USCIS H-1B rules. It doesn’t matter if you go through the H-1B transfer process, transition to another visa classification, or explore the lesser-known H-1B unemployment options: what matters is if you do something on time with USCIS before the deadline.
Know your rights. Move quickly. Always seek immigration advice from a professional immigration expert.
