Two Years of War in Sudan: A Growing Human Rights Crisis for Millions

With the Sudanese conflict now three years old, on April 15, 2025, leaders in London must take immediate steps to protect civilians and allow assistance for those in need, according to Human Rights Watch. As widespread abuses continue across Sudan, the conference co-hosted by the UK, EU, France, and Germany is taking place.

Both the SAF and RSF have carried out horrendous crimes since the war erupted in April 2023, including killings, sexual violence, looting, and attacks against civilians. Ethnic cleansing is said to have been committed by the RSF alongside militias in West Darfur. Tens of thousands have been killed as a result, and millions have been displaced. Hunger and famine are now spreading all over the country.

Human Rights Watch’s Osman called for the leaders to step in to ensure civilians’ protection and humanitarian aid delivery. While upholding the leadership of the United Kingdom as the top figure in the coalition troop with regards to civilian protection, he requires the Union to hold discussions about the possible deployment of a mission for the protection of civilians.

Civilians have suffered. Khartoum, the capital, was recently recaptured by the SAF, which has led to reports of extrajudicial killings, looting, and attacks on health facilities. Voluntary responders and health workers have been targeted too. Displaced persons in some places return to find their homes and communities have been devastated.

Fighting continues in El Fasher and Gezira state, where civilians are also under attack. World leaders must insist that both sides hold safe passage for civilians and humanitarian aid and must be held accountable for violations of international laws.

Warring parties have thus far operated with near-total impunity and continue to be armed by foreign supplies, a reality that only compounds the affliction. Denounce these violations, expand arms embargoes, and provide stronger support for accountability efforts, including investigations by the International Criminal Court.